The Chicago Manual of Style Author -Date system is used by researchers in the social sciences and sciences. For the arts, history and humanities, see the Bibliography Notes system. Citation of sources in this style consists of two parts: The in-text citation points the reader to the complete source information found in the reference. There are two in-text citation options for Chicago: parenthetical citations in the author-date style of the text. , citations in footnotes or bibliography-style endnotes. This guide will primarily focus on in-text parenthetical citations used with the author-date style. If you need more information about the citation with footnotes or endnotes, be sure to do so. In the Chicago Manual of Style, little guidance is provided for citing images. Depending on the edition, information about paintings, sculptures, photographs, and other works of art may generally be presented in the text rather than as bibliographic entry notes. However, the Chicago Manual is primarily designed to help professionals. The annotation appears on a new line directly after the source citation. The entire annotation is indented, to clearly indicate when the annotation ends and a new source appears. According to Turabian guidelines, annotations should be formatted the same way as the main text of any article: double-spaced. Left aligned.First name M. Last name Place of publication: Publisher, date, page cited. Short version: author's last name, title of chapter or essay shortened if necessary, page cited. Bibliography. Author's last name, first name M. Chapter or title of the essay. In Book Title, edited by First Name M. Last Name, page range. Place of publication: publisher, date. In Chicago footnote referencing, after providing complete source information in the first footnote, you can shorten subsequent citations from the same source to avoid repetition. These abbreviated footnotes should include the author's last name, an abbreviated title, and the page cited: 1. Alan C. Jenkins, Wildlife in the City: Animals, Birds, The Chicago citation style is the method established by the University of Chicago Press for documenting sources used in a research paper and is probably the most commonly used footnote format. Below are instructions for using footnotes to cite most sources encountered in undergraduate research. It's a good idea to read until the end,